The following program allows an evaluation of the temperature on the surface of any planet depending on its distance from the Sun. It is based on the Stefan's Law. The equation used takes the following hypothesis into account: any celestial object radiates the solar energy like a dark body. In other words, its albedo is 0%.So, it absorbs the entire solar energy flow.Furthermore, any planet is in a stationary state.That's the second hypothesis.
Distance from the Sun in kilometres: Mercury Venus Earth The Moon Mars Asteroïd belt Jupiter Io Europa Callisto Ganymede Saturn Titan Rhea Thetys Uranus Titania Neptune Triton Pluto Sedna
Radius of the Sun in kilometres:
Temperature of the Sun in kelvin:
Solar Constant or power in watts per square metre and per second:
Estimated Temperature at the surface of the planet in kelvin:
Estimated Temperature at the surface of the planet in degrees celsius:
Estimated Temperature at the surface of the planet in degrees fahrenheit:
The next program takes the albedo factor into account.It is a reference method used by scientists to evaluate the temperature at the surface of any planet in the solar system.For instance, the temperature on the surface of Titan is thought to be around -180 degrees celsius. Regarding Earth, this program generates an evaluated temperature of -20 degrees celsius.In fact, the true average temperature on the surface of our planet is 15 degrees celsius.The explanation of the difference lies in the infrared ray absorption by the particles ( carbone dioxyde, methane...)of the atmosphere that increases the overall temperature.So, the atmosphere factor or the greenhouse effect is not considered here. There is a scientific consensus to say that without atmosphere, the temperature on the Earth's surface would be around -18 degrees celsius. That 's what we obtain if we enter in the program a distance to the Sun of 146 000 000 kilometers.
Temperature of the Sun in degrees kelvin:
Albedo of the planet :
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